• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    New solid burner, top loading and feeding (3), combustion chamber and horizontal flames without smoke, with high efficiency. The complete combustion of solids is created, with very high temperatures (1,000 - 1,300ºC), without the generation of fumes. The fuel is fed with a hopper located above the combustion chamber (4), separated from it by a static metering device of angular shape (5). A gaseous core is created under the dispenser, which gasifies the fuel when it comes into contact. With refractory insulation, very high temperatures are achieved. The flames exit through a conduit (11), towards a substantially horizontal heat exchanger. Useful for all types of solid fuel. Very high temperatures in the home do not generate unhealthy compounds such as dioxins and others. The outlet of incandescent gases is regulated by a control system (10) of the inlet air flow. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2791575A1
    申请号:ES202030606
    申请日:2020-06-22
    公开日:2020-11-04
    发明作者:Rodríguez Antonio Romero；Borrajo Manuel González；González Manuel Enrique Posada
    申请人:Posada Gonzalez Manuel Enrique；Gonzalez Borrajo Manuel；Romero Rodriguez Antonio；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0002] NEW SOLIDS BURNER, TOP LOAD AND FEED, COMBUSTION CHAMBER AND HORIZONTAL FLAMES WITHOUT SMOKE, WITH HIGH PERFORMANCE
    [0004] TECHNICAL SECTOR
    [0006] Due to the effects generated, the invention belongs to the sectors:
    [0008] 1) Energetic
    [0009] 2) Environmental
    [0011] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0013] At the beginning of the use of solid fuels, wood, coal, etc., and still in our days, bonfires were formed with a pyramidal accumulation of fuels with an air inlet towards the center of the base of the pyramid. By closing or opening this inlet, the intensity of the combustion was controlled. This arrangement remains to this day in traditional combustion systems. The method, which was used to heat the premises and to dry traditional products, vegetables, sausages and others, remains in our culture as an ancestral sample. There is a tendency to abandon this type of habit due to the energy waste of the heat generated by combustion, as well as the risk of generating unhealthy gases for humans and animals.
    [0015] The old steam engines, which moved cars, ships, railway locomotives, etc., are an example of the use of solid fuels, mainly wood and mineral coal, for the generation of steam under pressure to drive the movement of the pistons. of the motor cylinders. The combustion was very defective and incomplete as well as being plagued by the emission of residues in the operations. You can still see accumulation of unburned residues in the old paths existing in the countries of the world, advanced in their time. Sometimes today, the smoke particles generated by the combustion of coal and wood in the past, reach the eyes of railway users, with the route over old routes.
    [0016] In the recent prior art of the system, the solids were introduced into the combustion chamber, through a lateral access entrance to it. At the base of this chamber there was a grill that served to support and support the fuels during combustion. These were introduced into the area where the reaction was carried out, as the fuel was consumed. The most suitable method was to place the fuels in the upper part of the chamber, in the space that was left free due to their gasification. In this way, the generation and subsequent distribution of heat to the places in need was achieved. The grill also served to eliminate the ashes that had not been gasified, when they passed to the bottom, accumulating in the place called ashtray. Periodically, the operator cleaned the ashtray and disposed of the ashes.
    [0018] When the fuel is of various origins or of different properties, such as pine logs with their shell, or the shell itself, combustion is very difficult and sometimes explosive. Moisture other than solids also affects it negatively, generating temperature variations in combustion.
    [0020] The supply of oxygen from the air as an oxidizer for combustion is carried out through two inlets, both lateral and of two types according to their disposition. The lower one by passing through the fuel support grill and the upper one through the fuel introduction door. The upper entrance feeds oxygen to the fire from its side and the bottom entrance feeds the fire from its lower part. These access closures are equipped with adjustable air inlet holes. The partial or total opening and closing, allows a certain control of the combustion by the contribution of a greater or lesser quantity of air, by the lower part of the fireplace (combustion chamber) or by its upper part. Both air / oxygen feeds combined can generate different behaviors in the form of combustion, excess or shortage of air, fumes, etc.
    [0022] A solid fuel bonfire is formed in the chamber with an irregular and disorderly structure that prevents a uniform and complete combustion. The problems are constant due to the variability of the system parameters and its unpredictable organization.
    [0023] The flames tend to move towards the top in an anarchic and unstructured way. The chimney is the complementary part of the system because it conditions the air inlet by making a natural suction normally called "draft". This phenomenon is produced by the identification of the suction with a mechanical ascension force, caused by the low density of the hot air, compared to the high density of the outside air at the place of discharge, normally colder. The atmospheric pressure has a decisive influence on the chimney draft. At the bottom, where temperatures are lower, unburned fuels accumulate. The upward air flow cools the area, and prevents the arrival of hot gases or flames, from the highest parts of the combustion chamber.
    [0025] Smoke emissions from incomplete combustion and other quality defects in the combustion process represent one of the biggest problems in solids combustion. In rural areas they are not so important but, in suburban or urban areas, the problems are very serious due to the impact on air quality that the population demands. PM10 and PM2.5 particulates abound in incomplete combustion systems, polluting the air in cities.
    [0027] The constant accumulation of unburned products on the grill, due to the lack of a homogeneous structure, blocks the entry of air through its lower part. This effect produces a reduction or interruption of combustion, with fuel losses reflected in the increase in ashes and other residues, in addition to the unburned that the smoke particles generate.
    [0029] Operation is difficult to control for fuels of heterogeneous and uneven shapes. The temperatures that are reached are reduced and the combustion requires constant attention with corrective maneuvers of the variables due to the problems presented and the anarchy of the system. Fumes appear as a result of incomplete combustion. In the case of a high cost, uniform and homogeneous fuel, this problem is reduced.
    [0031] Solid fuels are of diverse origins and compositions as well as very abundant in our society. They are at relatively low prices and even with negative costs due to the need for their elimination. The problem of its process is based on the emissions of the gases resulting from its combustion. In many cases, combustion generates compounds that are harmful to the environmental health of citizens. Another problem is the generation of unburned waste, as in the case of some waste incineration plants, which, by processing heterogeneous products, generate completely useless and problematic ashes for their management.
    [0033] The problems of emissions into the atmosphere of fossil fuels reside in greenhouse gases such as CO2 and other types of products generated by combustion. Another factor is the possibility of depletion of natural deposits, formed in the past and impossible to recover. Our civilization should bequeath to future populations an important part of the resources currently in use.
    [0035] One of the most pressing needs that we have in our society is the processing of the waste generated by our civilization, either from the waste generated by consumer goods or from the waste obtained in the manufacturing processes of industrial products. such as wood, cellulose, paper, carpentry, joinery, etc. Our public bodies, responsible for waste management, are more dedicated to making deposits or landfills than to waste recovery or recovery processes. The system used receives astronomical amounts from the citizens for the processing of waste and the organisms use them for accumulation in landfills with unsanitary characteristics, in addition to allocating a large part to the current expenditure of the Agency. Recently, in the town of Zaldibar, belonging to the province of Álava, in a hazardous waste dump, there was a landslide that buried two workers alive. Since February 6 of this year, days and months pass without being able to recover the bodies, such is the type of management structure set up by the Basque Autonomous Government. In Madrid, in the Valdemingómez area, dependent on the Madrid city council, mountains of waste accumulate in various dumping areas and an incineration plant is being closed and transferred to other places. In Galicia, under the management of the Galician regional government, an incinerator prepared for the annual treatment of half a million tons of urban solid waste is receiving quantities close to a million tons per year, of which half accumulates in landfills near the incinerator next to the remains of incomplete combustion of waste.
    [0036] These accumulations of waste were formed by the centralized processing structure selected by policy makers. With the aim of making spectacular megalomaniac investments, instead of programming waste management in the vicinity of producers to prioritize recycling, very large facilities were built with inadequate and polluting technologies. This structure, selected by the leaders as the appropriate one, has Spain in a disoriented and confused situation.
    [0038] The residues can be treated by incineration in suitable burners that take advantage of the heat of combustion. For this, there is no better procedure than its preparation to be used in a burner such as the one described in this document.
    [0040] Some very important aspects to improve are the current smoke emissions.
    [0042] With the aim of collaborating with our society and with the aim of correcting the exposed problems, achieving the elimination of deficiencies and improving their production and investment yields and maintenance costs, there is a system that has been widely studied by patent applicants. called: NEW SOLIDS BURNER, TOP LOAD AND FEED, COMBUSTION CHAMBER AND HORIZONTAL FLAMES WITHOUT SMOKE, WITH HIGH PERFORMANCE, described below.
    [0044] EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
    [0046] The burner is a device that solves the great problem of the combustion of solids of diverse origin that are to be processed and used for energy.
    [0048] The fuels, for their use in the burner, must be selected and properly conditioned.
    [0050] The granulometry will have a uniformity in its dimensions so that the feeding is carried out without jams or formation of gaps. Likewise, the PCI and PCS, or Lower Calorific Power and the higher Calorific Power, will be between about determined values. Variations in these values will generate irregular combustion. Humidity will be another of the parameters to be observed and controlled so that it oscillates between controlled values.
    [0052] The entire exterior surface of the burner will be protected by a steel sheet coating (1). Inside the burner, there will be three layers of insulating material: foam of cellular glass (14), refractory insulation at maximum temperatures of 900 ° C (13) and refractory insulation at maximum temperatures of 1,300 ° C, which will form the chamber of combustion (6). The residues will be introduced into the burner through the upper opening, normally closed by the closing lid (2). A storage is generated in the upper areas (3) and in the feed hopper (4)
    [0054] The process is carried out in the chamber or hearth (6), with the reaction of the stored fuel, falling from the sides of the retention device (5) towards the area of the support grid (7). The air that enters from the outside through the door (10) that allows access to the ashtray (8), will pass into the combustion chamber through the holes in the grill (7), to react with the fuel, generating a zone high temperatures (from 1,000 to 1,300 ° C) and remaining as a dynamic cloud equipped with an outlet for the flames towards the duct (11). The angular shape of the retention device generates a displacement of the upper load, allowing the passage through the inclined side surfaces. This deviation towards the walls of the chamber, mixing the central part of the stockpile with the sides, generates a preparation for the fuel for entry into the reaction zone. The fall of the fuel joins the air that rises through the grate, originating the core of combustion gases, at very high temperatures. The zone is kept static by the upward movement of the air and the shape of the retention device, linked to the position of the flame outlet duct. This phenomenon has been widely studied and analyzed in burners with very high efficiencies.
    [0056] By achieving very high temperatures, a total combustion of the fuel is produced, achieving a total lack of fumes and unburned particles. Non-combustible objects will not be aerated and will remain on the surface of the grill from where they will be extracted through the opening of the register (9). Unburned waste of reduced dimensions will fall into the ashtray (8) through the perforations in the grill.
    [0057] On the other hand, by providing a heat exchanger at the outlet (11) with a sufficient path to maintain the temperature of the chamber, the elimination of possible emissions of dioxins, furans and other compounds is achieved, complying with the requirements of the Regulation on Industrial Emissions and Development of Law 16/2002 on the prevention and integrated control of pollution, which transposes the European Union Directives on waste combustion into Spanish legislation.
    [0059] The combustion chamber will be isolated from the outside with three layers of insulation. The interior will be made of refractory mortar (12), which supports a temperature of 1,400 ° C, another superimposed layer of refractory and insulating mortar (13), which supports a temperature of 900 ° C and a layer of cellular glass insulation (14) , prepared to withstand high temperatures and have insulating characteristics so that appreciable heat losses do not occur on the outer surface of the burner.
    [0061] The storage of the fuel will be blocked in its central part by the retention device (5), which will allow the passage through its sides towards the combustion chamber.
    [0063] The invented system comprises several fundamental parts that make up the burner assembly.
    [0065] Sheet steel cover for external protection (1) - Fig. 1,2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 Cover cap (2) - Fig. 1,2, 3 and 4
    [0066] Fuel storage and loading area (3) - Fig. 3 and 4
    [0067] Fuel dosing hopper (4) - Fig. 3 and 4
    [0068] Fuel retention device (5) - Fig. 3, 4, 7 and 8
    [0069] Combustion chamber or hearth (6) - Fig. 3 and 4
    [0070] Refractory perforated grill 1,300 ° C (7) - Fig. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 Ashtray (8) - Fig. 3 and 4
    [0071] Registration and cleaning cover (9) - Fig. 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 and 8
    [0072] Air inlet regulation door (10) - Fig. 1, 2, 4, 7 and 8
    [0073] Combustion gas outlet (11) - Fig. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8
    [0074] High temperature refractory insulation 1,400 ° C (12) - Fig. 3, 4, 5 and 6 SIAL temperature insulation 900 ° C (13) - Fig. 3, 4, 5 and 6
    [0075] Foam glass room insulation (14) - Fig. 3, 4, 5 and 6
    [0076] DESCRIPTION OF THE PARTS
    [0078] - Sheet steel covering for external protection (1)
    [0080] It is the outer covering of the entire burner, which will prevent the contact of the external agents with the foam insulation of insulating glass or cellular glass, at the same time that it will prevent the passage of the outside air towards the interior parts of the burner.
    [0082] - Closing lid (2)
    [0084] It is the device that allows the fuel to be fed, preventing the accidental entry of objects that could impair operation. At the same time, it prevents the entry of outside air so that it does not impair combustion operations.
    [0086] - Fuel storage and loading area (3)
    [0088] It is the reception and storage area for the solids to be processed. It will be constantly maintained at a level sufficient to compress the stock and allow for linearity in processing.
    [0090] - Fuel dosing hopper (4)
    [0092] It is the area prior to the entry of fuels to the combustion zone, where a certain compaction will occur prior to entering the combustion chamber. The residue slows down and experiences an increase in temperature due to its proximity to the reaction zone.
    [0094] - Fuel retention device (5)
    [0096] This element is key to the combustion process and the formation of the reaction zone at very high temperature. The angular shape moves the solids towards the walls of the hopper that feeds the combustion chamber. It will be built with refractory material.
    [0097] - Combustion chamber or hearth (6)
    [0099] It is the one formed in its upper part by the retention device and the fuel that accumulates in the lowering area of the hopper, the air inlet grill through its lower part, the refractory side walls and the flame outlet hole generated. The design gives it a confinement of combustion in the shape of an ellipsoid, with a greater horizontal axis directed towards the exit of the flames.
    [0101] - Refractory separation grid 1,300 ° C (7)
    [0103] It is located in the lower part of the combustion chamber and is provided with air inlet holes to feed the combustion reaction. Built with refractory mortar to withstand the temperature of the combustion generated.
    [0105] - Ashtray (8)
    [0107] It is located in the lower part of the burner and is enabled to receive non-combustible materials or ashes that may be generated over time of use, depending on the type of fuel.
    [0109] - Registration and cleaning cover (9)
    [0111] It is a closing element of the combustion chamber, on the opposite side to the outlet of the flames. It will be used for periodic cleaning, checking the chamber walls and removing the grill for cleaning and replacement.
    [0113] - Air inlet regulation door (10)
    [0115] It is the device for accessing the burner from its lower part that incorporates an adjustable hatch to control the air inlet. The regulation will be automated to achieve the characteristics and parameters of the flames generated demanded by the desired process.
    [0117] - Combustion gas outlet (11)
    [0120] It is the exit hole for the flames generated in the combustion zone, which will communicate with the heat exchanger for energy use. It will be built with the same refractory insulation as the interior walls of the burner. Its shape is key for the exit from the confinement of the combustion zone.
    [0122] - High temperature refractory insulation 1,400 ° C (12)
    [0124] It is the internal lining of the combustion chamber and the outlet conduit for the flames generated by combustion. It is made up of a refractory material mortar that will withstand temperatures close to 1,400 ° C
    [0126] - SIAL 900 ° C temperature insulation (13)
    [0128] It is the insulating wall that protects the internal lining of the combustion chamber and that of the outlet duct from the flames generated by combustion. It is made up of a refractory material mortar type SIAL, which will withstand temperatures close to 900 ° C
    [0130] - Room insulation foam glass (14)
    [0132] It is the insulating wall that protects the SIAL coating and the outlet duct from the flames generated by combustion. It is formed by cellular glass or resistant glass foam, which will withstand temperatures close to 200 ° C
    [0134] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0136] To better complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, it is attached as an integral part of said description, some drawings where, with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, it has been represented the next:
    [0138] Figure 1.- Front or Elevation View A-A '
    [0140] You can see the view of the burner from the outside, with the details of the closing cover (2) of the fuel storage, the closing of the area in where the combustion (9) takes place and the access door to the ashtray (10) where the air supply inlet can be seen.
    [0142] Figure 2.- Left side view or Elevation B-B '
    [0144] You can see the view of the burner from the outside, with the details of the fuel storage closing cover (2), the closure of the area where combustion takes place (9), the access door to the ashtray in where you can see the air supply inlet (10) and the burner flame outlet (11).
    [0146] Figure 3.- Section C-C 'through the left-right section
    [0148] You can see the sectional view of the burner, with the details of the fuel storage closing cap (2), the upper storage area (3), the loading hopper of the combustion chamber (4), the cross section of the fuel retention device (5), the combustion chamber section (6), the air inlet grill (7), the ashtray for receiving the unburned residues (8), the outlet of the burner flames (11) and the refractory insulation layers (12) and (13), the outer insulation (14) and the outer cladding steel sheet (1).
    [0150] Figure 4 .- Section D-D 'through the rear-front section
    [0152] You can see the sectional view of the burner, with the details of the fuel storage cap (2), the upper storage area (3), the combustion chamber loading hopper (4), the longitudinal section of the fuel retention device (5), the section of the combustion chamber (6), the air intake grill (7), the ashtray for receiving the unburned waste (8), the closure of the area where combustion (9) takes place, the access door to the ashtray where you can see the air supply inlet (10), the exit of the burner flames (11) and the layers of refractory insulation (12) and ( 13), the outer insulation (14) and the outer cladding steel sheet (1).
    [0154] Figure 5.- Section EE 'horizontal through the grill
    [0155] You can see the sectional view of the burner, with the details of the air inlet grill (7), the closure of the area where the combustion takes place (9), the exit of the burner flames (11) and the layers of refractory insulation (12) and (13), the outer insulation (14) and the outer cladding steel sheet (1).
    [0157] Figure 6.- Horizontal section F-F 'through the upper part of the grill
    [0159] You can see the sectional view of the burner, with the details of the air inlet grill (7), the exit of the burner flames (11) and the refractory insulation layers (12) and (13), the exterior insulation (14) and the outer cladding steel sheet (1).
    [0161] Figure 7.- Upper right rear wired view
    [0163] You can see the view of the burner, in wire form without hiding the lines with the details of the: retention device (5), the air inlet grill (7), the access register to the combustion chamber (9 ), the air inlet for combustion and ash outlet (10) and the outlet for the burner flames (11).
    [0165] Figure 8.- Upper left front wire view
    [0167] You can see the view of the burner, in wire form without hiding the lines with the details of the: retention device (5), the air inlet grill (7), the access register to the combustion chamber (9 ), the air inlet for combustion and ash outlet (10) and the outlet for the burner flames (11).
    [0169] PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    [0171] The device described has a preferred embodiment as a burner for solids of various origins. The utility of the system has two main aspects:
    [0173] 1) Processing of solid urban or municipal waste
    [0174] 2) Processing of industrial waste from the forestry sector
    [0176] In the case of MSW or Urban Solid Waste, the cost of fuel is
    [0179] negative because, for the elimination of the MSW, they are being paid, by the municipalities to the waste management companies, about 50 Euros / ton.
    [0181] In the case of industrial waste derived from the processing of resources from the forestry sector, the cost depends a lot on the place of generation, since collection in the mountains has a higher cost than in a sawmill, pulp mill or particle board factories or agglomerates, for example.
    [0183] In both cases, a preparation and selection of the waste is required to achieve the required uniformity in the process: dimensions, humidity, composition, etc. The presence of possible unnatural compounds such as plastics and others will require a greater selection. Plastics must be recycled for recovery.
    [0185] A comparison is made with commercial pellets, prepared for use in special boilers.
    [0187] The PCI or Lower Calorific Power, by widely studied and cited research in the bibliography, is set at:
    [0189] Solid urban waste PCI 11,670.4 kJ / kg 2,800 kcal / kg Forest waste PCI 15,421.6 kJ / kg 3,700 kcal / kg Commercial "pellets" PCI 18,000.0 kJ / kg 4,319 kcal / kg
    [0191] The fuel consumption of a MAGOB burner, Model 04, amounts to 63 kg / hour, so the amount of thermal energy generated for each fuel is:
    [0193] Solid urban waste PCI 735,235.2 kJ 176,400.0 kcal 204.2 kWh Forest waste PCI 971,560.8 kJ 233,100.0 kcal 269.9 kWh Commercial pellets PCI 1,134,000.0 kJ 272,071.8 kcal 315.0 kWh
    [0195] From which it is deduced that the power of the burner can range between 200 kW and 270 kW with normal fuels and reach 315 kW with commercial "pellets".
    [0196] According to estimates made, the cost of fuel, properly conditioned for use in the burner, amounts to:
    [0198] Fuel Collection Conditioning Total Urban solid waste - € 0.05 / kg € 0.20 / kg € 0.15 / kg Forest waste € 0.05 / kg € 0.12 / kg € 0.17 / kg "Commercial pellets" € 0.18 / kg
    [0200] Taking into account the performance of the burner with its combustion capacity, the PCI of each fuel and its hourly consumption of 63 kg / hour, the following data is obtained:
    [0202] Fuel Cost Energy MWh Cost € / MWh Solid urban waste 6.93 € / h 0.3987 MWh 33.9 € / MWh Forest waste 6.30 € / h 0.5269 MWh 23.3 € / MWh Commercial "Pellets" 11 .03 € / h 0.6150 MWh 35.0 € / MWh
    [0204] Considering the performance of the burner with its combustion capacity, the PCI of other fuels such as natural gas and its maximum hourly consumption of 315 kWh, the following data are obtained:
    [0206] Natural gas € 10.52 / h 0.3150 MWh € 33.4 / MWh
    [0208] The analysis of the feasibility of using the burner is highly positive, taking into account the data on operating costs.
    [0210] From the social point of view, the workforce of the selection of MSW that is incorporated belongs to the environment of the producers of the same waste, allowing a mentalization of the citizens in the recycling and use of garbage operations. In the end, the diversion of part of the urban garbage towards a productive activity, would affect the increase in the income of the municipality. In the case of the conditioning of the MSW, and the industrial ones, the cost of its conditioning, would affect the employment of local labor and their income.
    [0212] The costs of transporting the waste to the processing plants would also be eliminated.
    [0215] incineration in addition to reducing emissions from incinerators, many times defective due to their incomplete combustion, generating waste for storage in landfills.
    [0217] The income from the processing of each burner would be derived from the generation of thermal energy produced during the 8,400 annual hours of operation, which are assumed to be 350 days / year and 24 hours / day.
    [0219] Municipal solid waste 3.2418 kWh / kg 1,715,549 kWh / year 1,715.5 MWh / year Forest waste 4.2838 kWh / kg 2,266,175 kWh / year 2,266.2 MWh / year Commercial "pellets" 5,0000 kWh / kg 2,646,000 kWh / year 2,646.0 MWh / year
    [0221] Burner maintenance costs are reduced to the periodic change of the internal lining of the combustion chamber insulation every 6 months, which is evaluated, for the Model 4, at € 128 cost plus about € 170 labor, with a total of € 596 / year.
    [0223] The investments for the construction of the MAGOB burner, Model 04, are:
    [0225] - External cladding of sheet steel, with application of
    [0226] anti-heat primer and paint.
    [0227] - Storage top closure lid with edge of
    [0228] tightness.
    [0229] - Formation of fuel hopper.
    [0230] - Formation of the combustion chamber casing.
    [0231] - Central assembly joint.
    [0232] - Formation of the burner base.
    [0233] - Supply of the combustion chamber closing cover.
    [0234] - Supply of the ashtray closing system and registration of
    [0235] air intake.
    [0236] - Flame outlet with coupling to the heat exchanger
    [0237] - Refractory material grill.
    [0238] - Refractory fuel retention device.
    [0239] - Cellular glass insulation coating.
    [0240] - Formation of refractory insulation 900 ° C.
    [0241] - Formation of refractory insulation 1,400 ° C
    [0244] Temperature measuring devices.
    [0245] Security automatisms.
    [0246] Auxiliary elements.
    [0247] Assembly and testing labor.
    [0249] Materials and components budget € 4,958
    [0251] Manufacturing labor € 3,371
    [0253] Total production costs € 8,329
    [0255] Manufacturing trade margin € 3,570
    [0257] Total retail sale € 11,899
    [0259] Commercial margin and distribution 25% € 3,966
    [0261] Total Retail price € 15,866
    [0263] The annual production capacity of burners will be dependent on the initial demand. The previous analysis considers a potential demand of 25 units, that is, 2 units per month, the replacement of combustion systems with consumption of fossil fuels (natural gas, propane gas, diesel, coal, etc.) and adaptation for employment will be carried out. of fuels from nearby sources, industrial, domestic, municipal waste, etc. Considering the minimum payment of € 50 / ton to municipal solid waste managers, it can be deduced that they could partially reduce these costs by generating a complementary municipal activity with wealth creation and hiring of personnel, partially eliminating payments to waste companies. management and elimination of waste by incineration or accumulation in landfill.
    [0265] The obligatory cleaning of vegetable weeds from the sides of communication routes, for the prevention of the start and spread of rural and forest fires, as well as the balanced growth pruning of fruit trees, generates a large amount of waste that must to be processed for recovery. The activity derived from these processes will be, in addition to a source of thermal energy, a job-generating structure and remuneration for productive jobs. They will not be subsidies for workers' unemployment but payments for useful and necessary work for our ecosystem.
    [0267] The substitution of imported energy for that generated by the waste produced and processed in a natural way, will mean an improvement in the financial situation of our balance of payments abroad.
    [0269] Considering the national market and the protection of the present patent, the evolution of the demand will be increasing and it is not risky to predict a positive evolution. That is to say:
    [0270] Year Quantity Retail sales Retail sales Year 1 25 units € 297,480 € 396,640 Year 2 50 units € 594,960 € 793,280 Year 3 100 units € 1,189,920 € 1,586,560 Year 4 200 units € 2,379,840 € 3,173,120 Year 5 400 units € 4,759,680 € 6,346,240 Year 6 600 units € 7,139,520 € 9,519,360 Year 7 1,000 units € 11,899,200 € 15,865,600 Year 8 1,200 units € 14,279,040 € 19,038,720 Year 9 1,500 units € 17,848,800 € 23,798,400 Year 10 1,800 units € 21,418,560 € 28,558,080
    [0272] As the patent rights would remain in force for 20 years, it can be thought that, from a certain date, manufacturing could be done in auxiliary workshops or in the foreign market. Taking into account the cost structure, the profitability of the activity is fully demonstrated.
    [0274] Therefore, it is considered proven that the burner is of industrial application, both in terms of manufacturing and in the multiple applications mentioned, from the elimination of waste to the use of fuels of renewable origin.
    [0276] The manufacturing will be carried out with professionals of industrial engineering of various specialties (electrical, mechanical, chemical, energy, electronics, etc.) as well as agronomists, forestry engineers, etc. For the control of emissions will participate
    [0279] environmental engineers, company and auxiliary companies, as well as scientists and maintenance professionals.
    1
    权利要求:
    Claims (2)
    [1]
    1. New burner for solids, top loading and feeding, combustion chamber and horizontal flames without smoke, with high performance, characterized in that it comprises:
    • an upper solid fuel storage tank closed with a swinging lid.
    • a hopper attached to the previous tank for the continuous supply of the solids to be burned and a compaction prior to the process.
    • an angular device for the retention, preparation and orientation of the solids to be processed, for their entry into the combustion chamber.
    • a separation of the combustion zone and the ashtray formed by a perforated grill made of refractory material.
    • an air supply to the combustion zone via the perforated refractory grate.
    • an outlet conduit for the combustion flames.
    • a complete insulation of the combustion chamber, based on insulating refractory materials of different working temperatures.
    • an air inlet control system for combustion feed.
    [2]
    2. System according to claim 1 characterized by the use of the burner described to, taking advantage of the high temperatures achieved, carry out the total incineration of combustible waste of all kinds, for its recovery with the use of its combustion energy, without emission of smoke, complying with Spanish national legislation and European community directives.
    2
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    Alakangas et al.2002|Wood pellets in Finland-technology, economy and market
    Agbor et al.2014|A review of biomass co-firing in North America
    Míguez et al.2012|Review of technology in small-scale biomass combustion systems in the European market
    Hus et al.2000|Cofiring multiple opportunity fuels with coal at Bailly Generating Station
    ES2791575A1|2020-11-04|New solid burner, top loading and feeding, combustion chamber and horizontal flames without smoke, with high efficiency |
    JP6592304B2|2019-10-16|Biomass utilization method and apparatus
    Kokalj et al.2013|Combustion of municipal solid waste for power production
    CN105215046A|2016-01-06|A kind of garbage as resource treatment process
    Tripathi et al.2019|Air pollution in Delhi: biomass energy and suitable environmental policies are sustainable pathways for health safety
    Oral et al.2005|Energy utilization from industrial sludge processing
    Lundberg et al.1997|Biomass gasification for energy production
    Chau et al.2009|Optimizing the mixture of wood biomass for greenhouse heating
    CN102620273A|2012-08-01|Biomass fuel and gas two-purpose steam engine
    Trinchenko2018|The Furnace for Burning Waste Wood Processing Industry
    Solovyov et al.2020|Energy generation from wood waste
    Penninks1997|Coal and wood fuel for electricity production: an environmentally sound solution for waste and demolition wood
    Orszulik et al.2019|Combustion of Hard Coal and Alternative Fuels in a Boiler with an Innovative Retort Burner
    Polagye2005|Thermochemical conversion of forest thinnings
    CSORDÁS2015|EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FUEL TYPES ON THE OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS OF A BIOMASS BOILER
    Jąderko-Skubis2021|Production of alternative fuels from waste: assumptions for the design of new fuel recipes
    Ebuy Teka2015|Utilization of Alternative Fuels in Cement Pyroprocessing: the Messebo Factory case study in Ethiopia
    Rikker et al.2020|Features and problems of environmental pollution from decentralized heating systems |
    Fosnacht2018|Demonstration of Use of Torrefied Biomass in Electric Power Generation
    Omari2019|Optimization of incineration process
    Elustondo et al.2007|Using wood to fuel dry kilns
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2791575B2|2021-07-12|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    GB444864A|1934-06-22|1936-03-23|Carlo Dejardin|Im provements in or relating to burners for solid fuel|
    GB2089026A|1980-12-05|1982-06-16|Coal Industry Patents Ltd|Solid fuel combustion appliances|
    JPS57187504A|1981-05-13|1982-11-18|Meiko Sangyo Kk|Combustion device for solid fuel|
    WO2010151094A1|2009-06-24|2010-12-29|Sarymsakov Jirgalbek Omuralievitch|Solid fuel combustion method and device|
    EP2515036A2|2011-04-19|2012-10-24|Robert Bosch Gmbh|Boiler|
    WO2016001463A1|2014-07-03|2016-01-07|H20 Renovables, S.L.|Burning grate for biomass burners and biomass burner|
    法律状态:
    2020-11-04| BA2A| Patent application published|Ref document number: 2791575 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: A1 Effective date: 20201104 |
    2021-07-12| FG2A| Definitive protection|Ref document number: 2791575 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B2 Effective date: 20210712 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES202030606A|ES2791575B2|2020-06-22|2020-06-22|Solid burner, horizontal flames without smoke and system for the use of the heat of combustion|ES202030606A| ES2791575B2|2020-06-22|2020-06-22|Solid burner, horizontal flames without smoke and system for the use of the heat of combustion|
    [返回顶部]